A Postcolonial Ecocritical Reading of Mahmoud Darwish’s “The Red Indian’s Penultimate Speech to the White Man”

Inspired by the tenets of postcolonial ecocriticism, theories settler colonialism, and indigenous ecologies, this study examines connection Mahmoud Darwish establishes between colonized people natural elements in his poem “The Red Indian’s Penultimate Speech to White Man” while making reference Native American oral traditions Chief Seattle’s speech. This article argues that Darwish’s expresses an inclusive perspective requires appreciation interconnection national ecological struggle colonized. The analysis is premised on dictum resistance against loss homeland also a nature; is, seems argue ethos inherent colonialism. In Man,” consciousness history colonial domination aggressively exploitated resources destroyed habitations natives had nurtured depended for their subsistence over years. other words, poet represents central ecocritical argument environmental issues are integral existence peoples.